Railway-traffic-controlling apparatus.



PATENTEID JULY2, 19.07.

C. J. COLEMAN. RAILWAY TRAFFIG CONTROLLING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 7. 1904.

2 SHEETS-B33512.

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UNITED STA ES PATENT? OFFICE.

CLYDE J. COLEMAN, OF ROCKAWAY, NEW JERSEY, ,ASSIGNOR TO THE HALL SIGNALCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

RAILWAY-TRAFFIC-CON'IROLLING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 1907.

Application filed November 7, 1904- Serial No. 231,670.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLYDE J. COLEMAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Rockaway, in the county of Morris and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Railway-Traffic-Controlling Apparatus and Systems, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings,forming a part thereof.

My present inyention relates to railway-trafiic-controlling apparatusand systems such as railway signaling apparatus and systems, and, invarious features, is of a nature supplementary to the inventiondisclosed by me in my application for Letters Patent of the UnitedStates filed on the 11th day of April, 1904, Serial No.

In" its embodiment which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings,and particularly described hereinafter, my invention relates to anelectrically controllable railway traffic-controlling apparatus andsystem, which are in this instance, a railway signaling apparatus andsystem, comprising fluid-pressure motive apparatus for supplyingactuative mechanical energy necessary to operate traflic-controlling orsignaling means.

The illustrated embodiment of my invention is anormal cleartraffic-controlling or signaling apparatus and system, that is to say, atrafiic-controlling or signaling apparatus and system which are normallymaintained in clear or non-blocking condition permitting the freepassage of trains or railway vehicles past the trafficeontrolling pointor points at which traffic on the railway is controlled by thetrallic-controlling or signaling apparatus.

The illustrated embodiment of my invention is a railway block signalingsystem in which the trafliccontrolling or signaling apparatus at a giventraffic-controlling or signaling point indicates, and is governed by,the condition of only one railway block, which is the railway block inadvance of the given trafiic-controlling or signaling point.

However, by the obvious application of well known methods andprinciples, my invention may be embodied in normal danger or normalblocking railway trafiic-controlling or signaling apparatus and systems,

and also in horn eanddistant railway traflic-controlling or signalingapparatus and systems in which the trafficcontrolling or signalingapparatus at a given traffic-controlling or signaling point indicates,or is controlled by, the conditions of two railway blocks, for instancetwo railway blocks successively in advance of the giventraffic-controlling or signaling point as in the case of the ordinaryhome and distant railway signaling systems.

Broadly stated, the objects of my invention are reliability and economyof operation, simplicity, compactness and economy of construction, andeconomy of maintenance. i

These objects are attained by the various features of my invention whichare fully disclosed in the following description and accompanyingdrawings, and which are particularly pointed out in the claims annexedhereto.

Sn bservient to the broad ends mentioned above, my invention comprisesvarious objects capable of more particular definition, all of which willclearly appear in the light of the following description of theparticular embodiment of my invention which I have illustrated. I shallat this point mention various of these subservient objects, togetherwith various features of my invention.

It is one object of my invention to provide a common source forsupplying heat or thermal energy to two different thermalenergy-transmuting apparatuses employed in railway traffic-controllingor signaling apparatus for transmuting thermal energy into energy foractuating, or controlling the actuation of, the trafiiccontrolling orsignaling means. To this end my invention comprises two thermalenergy-transmuting means or apparatuses arranged to deliver energy foractuating, or controlling the actuation of, the traflic-cont rolling orsignaling means, such as a signal semaphore. For instance, theillustrated embodiment of my invention comprises fluid-pressure motiveapparatus co-operative with the traffic-controlling or signalingsemaphore to actuate the same and so arranged that its motive fluid isheated by a source of heat which is also employed to supply thermalenergy to a thermo-electric energytransmuting device, which is shown inthe drawings as a thermopileand which supplies electric energy to acontrolling electric circuit which controls the actuation of thetraflic-controlling or signaling semaphore by the fluid-pressure motivemeans.

It is another object of my invention to economize the thermal energydelivered by the source of heat such as mentioned above, and to this endmy invention comprehends an arrangement of two thermalenergy-transmuting apparatuses, each of which is arranged to deliver itstransmuted energy for the actuation or control of thetraffic-controlling or signaling means, while one of the thermalenergy-transmuters is arranged to receive and transmute the waste orsurplus or non-utilized heat or thermal energy which the other thermalenergy-transmuter fails to convert into useful energy. For instance, inthe illustrated embodiment of my invention a heating means is providedas a source of thermal energy for the thermo-electric energy-trans muteror thermopile, while the fluid-pressure motive apparatus is arranged toreceive and utilize non-utilized heat which passes through, or by, oraway from, the thermo-electric energy-transmuter or thermopile.

It is another object of my invention to utilize a :nergy fortraffic-controlling or signaling means, for instance as a source ofenergy'for moving or assisting to move a signal semaphore, and to thisend my invention comprehends a fluid-pressure motive chamber orexpansion chamber in actuative co-operation with the tralficcontrollingor signaling means, or signal-semaphore, and a source of motive fluidcommunicating with the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged toheat the motive fluid, the fluid thus heated being utilized in themotive chamber to produce motive force and mechanical energy foractuating the traflic-controlling means such as the signal semaphore.

In its application to railway traffic-controlling apparatus and systemsemploying fluid-pressure motive apparatus comprising a source of motivefluid under pressure for actuating the traflic-controlling means, it isa further object of my invention to prevent the excessive cooling of themotive fluid and surrounding portions of the motive fluid apparatus, dueto the dynamic expansion of the motive fluid as it is utilized toproduce motive power. To this end, my invention comprises a means forheating those portions of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus which aresubjected to a cooling tendency by contact with the expanded motivefluid. For instance, in the illustrated embodiment of my invention themotive chamber or cylinder and the motive fluid conduit leading theretoare arranged to be heated by a source of heat. In the present instance,for purposes of economy and compactness, this source of heat is alsoemployed to supplyv thermal energy to a thermo-electricenergy-transmuter or thermopile arranged to supply electrical energy forcontrolling the actuation of the traffic-controlling means.

The foregoing feature of my invention prevents excessive cooling of themotive fluid and motive fluid apparatusdue to dynamic expansion of themotive fluid, and also prevents excessive cooling of the motive fluidapparatus due to expansion of the motive fluid escaping therefrom whenan exhaust vent is opened, and this feature is particularly valuable inits application to those forms of fluid-pressure motive apparatus whichemploy, as a source of motive fluid, a liquefied gas such as liquidcarbonic acid or carbon dioxid, which, by its volatilization and dynamicor other expansion, incurs very low temperatures.

In some instances wherein a controlling valve is employed to govern thepassage of motive fluid to or from the motive chamber, as in thatembodiment of my invention which is illustrated by the accompanyingdrawings, and when such valve comprises a rubber valve seat coming incontact with the motive fluid flowing to the motive chamber, or when forany other reason it is desired to keep the controlling valve cool,another object of my invention is to maintain such a valve in relativelycool condition and thus prevent any undesirable effect of heat thereon,such as injury to the valve proper or seat, or other deterioration ofthe valve which might be caused by the passage of heated motive fluid ifthe same were heated prior to its passage through the controlling valve,and to this end my invention comprises an arrangement of the motivefluid apparatus and a source of heat, whereby the motive fluid is onlyheated after itspassage through the controlling valve.

The foregoing preamble does-not essay to enumerate and separatelymention each and every distinct object and feature of my presentinvention, since all such objects and features will be clearly apparentin the light of the following particular description of my invention inthat particular embodiment which is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings.

In these drawings: Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating railwaytraffic-controlling or signaling apparatus embodying my invention andadapted for location, and for controlling traflic, at atraflic-controlling point upon a railway line. Fig. 2 is a diagramillustrating two traflic-controlling or signaling apparatuses, such asthe apparatus of Fig. 1, but co-organized in their control of railwaytraflic at two successive traffic-controlling points along a commonrailway line.

My invention may be embodied in traflic-controlling or signalingapparatus employing fluid pressure motive apparatus for actuating thetraffic-controlling or signaling means, such as the signal semaphore 2,and employing a source of liquefied gas such as the tank 51, which maycontain liquid carbonic acid or carbon dioxid.

In the illustrated embodiment of my invention the source of liquefiedgas communicates with an expansion reservoir 43 through a connectingpipe 50, reducing valve 45, and connecting pipe 44. It is the functionof the reducing valve 45 to expand the motive fluid or gas and reduceits pressure as it is fed through such reducing valve from the tank 51to the expansion reservoir 43. A double gage, such as the oneillustrated, may be connected to the reducing valve so as to indicatesimultaneously the pressures in the liquid tank 51 and in the expansionreservoir 43. In this instance, the index hand 47 indicates upon itsscale 49 the fluid pressure in the liquid tank, while the index hand 46indicates on its respective scale 48 the fluid pressure in the expansionreservoir 43. The expansion reservoir communicates through a connectingpipe 42 with the pressure chamber 350i the casing 34 of the con-'trolling valves. This casing comprises three chambers, the pressurechamber 35, which has already been mentioned and which occupies one endof the valve casing 34, the intermediate chamber 36, and the dis chargechamber 37 occupying that end of the valve casing opposite its pressurechamber. The discharge chamber is open at its lower end to theatmosphere. An inlet valve seat is interposed between the pressurechamber and the intermediate chamber, and an outlet valve seat isinterposed between the intermediate chamber and the discharge chamber,and an inlet valve 40 and an outlet valve 38 co-operate with the valveseats and are mounted upon a common valve stem 39, so that when thevalve stem is thrust longitudinally in one direction, -for instance bygravitation as in the present instance, the inlet valve 40 will engageits seat and close communication between the pressure chamber 35 and theintermediate chamber 36, while the outlet valve 38 will recede from itsseat and open communication between such intermediate chamber 36 and thedischarge chamber 37 so as to permit discharge of motive fluid from theintermediate the main casing just underneath the piston stem.

chamber through the discharge chamber to the outer atmosphere. Theresulting position of the valves is shown in Fig. 1. When the valve stemis thrust longitudinally in its opposite direction, the outlet valvewill be closed and the inlet valve will be opened. In the constructionshown the valves will be normally held in their last mentionedpositions, which will close communication between the intermediatechamber and the outer atmosphere while opening communication betweensuch intermediate chamber and the pressure chamber 35 communicating withthe expansion reservoir, and in the construction shown such normalpositions of the valves are maintained by the attractive force of acontrolling magnet 30 upon its armature 41 which is fixed upon one endoi the common valve stem 39 upon which both valves are mounted.

When the controlling valves are in their normal positions, the expansionreservoir 43 has free communication with the reciprocating motivechamber or cylinder 6 through the connecting pipe 42, pressure chamber35 of the valve casing, inlet valve aperture thereof, its intermediatechamber 36, connecting pipe 14 leading from such intermediate chamber,heating coil 13, and motive fluid duct 9 of the piston stem 52 of thestationary piston 8.

The diagram shows a suitable bed plate 25, upon which is mounted thehollow lnaincasing 15 which may be cylindrical in form and from theupper end of which projects vertically the piston stem 52, such pistonstem having its lower end suitably secured in the center of the upper orend wall of the casing. The heating coil .13 is centrally located in theupper end of It may be described as a conical helix with convolutionsdisposed about a vertical axis coincident with the axis of the pistonstem and gradually approaching such axis as they wind from the base tothe top oi the coil. The upper or outlet end of the heating coil may besecured in the lower end of the motive Iluid duct 9, which passescentrally through the piston stem 52. The piston proper 8 is in the formol' a collar or enlargement at the upper end of the piston stem 52. Thevertical reciprocating cylinder or motive chamber 6 is in the form of aninverted cylindrical cup fitting over the piston proper so that the openend of the cylinder normally depends from the piston proper so as toform an annular inclosure or chamber surrounding the piston stem andopen at its lower end. A semaphore-actuating rod 3 is secured in asuitable lug or boss on the top of the motive cylinder and extendsupward to and is connected with the signal semaphore 2 in a well knownmanner.

Centrally located in the bottom of the main casing and seated upon itsbed plate 25 is a lamp 18, the flame of which plays against or heats thehigh temperature junctures of two thermopiles 17 and 19 mounted upon,but insulated irom, suitable brackets such as 21 and 20 respectivelysecured to the inner sides of the walls of the main casing. Thecombustion is supported by air admitted through suitable air holes, suchas 22. The heated gases of combustion, after passing the thermopile,rise to the heating coil and impinge or play against its convolutions soas to heat the coil and the motive fluid therein, and the coil issurrounded by an inner casing 16 having its lower end mounted upon,

but insulated from, the thermopiles, while its upper end engages theinside of the top wall of the main casing. The top wall of the maincasing is provided with a series of perforations or fine holes 12arranged around the lower end of the piston stem and located justunderneath the lower end of the cylindrical wall of the motive cylinder,so that the heated gases oi-combustion, after passing through and aroundthe heating coil 13 and after giving up a portion of their heat thereto,rise through the flue holes 12 and thence into the lower end of theannular chamber surrounding the piston stem and also at the same timerise around the outside of the motive cylinder. A supplementary casing 5is mounted upon the upper end of the main casing 15 and surrounds theflue holes 12 and the motive cylinder so as to retain the heated gasesof combustion in contact with the motive cylinder and thus keep thecylinder in a heated condition. A central-aperture 4 is provided at theupper end of the supplementary casing, through which the actuating rod 3passes and through which the gases of combustion are eventuallydischarged.

The result of: the foregoing arrangement is that a portion of the heatof combustion is delivered to the thermopiles by radiation and byconvection and is transmuted by such thermopiles into useful electricalenergy, as will be hereinafter more fully pointed out, while the heatnot transmuted by the thermopiles is confined to the heating coil 13during its passage from the thermopiles to the flue holes 12 and ispartially utilized in heating the heating coil 13 and the motive fluidtherein, and the remaining heat not utilized by the heating coil isapplied to heat and to maintain in heated condition the piston stem,piston and motive cylinder.

The thermopile 19 continuously charges a storage battery 23 through alocal circuit including the connecting wire 24, storage battery 23 andconnecting wire 26. The valve-controlling magnet 30 is also included ina local circuit with the thermopile 19 and with respect to current fromsuch thermopile the magnet is in parallel with the storage battery 23and its circuit, when closed, is traceable as follows: from one terminalof the thermopile through the conductor 24, magnet 30, conductor 29,contact finger 28 of the rear track relay of the block 13-, such contactfinger being normally held by attraction of the relay magnet 53 incontact with its co-operating contact stop 27, and thence through suchcontact stop 27 and the conductor 26 back to the opposite terminal ofthe thermopile. The foregoing local circuit of the valve-controllingmagnet 30 is normally closed by energization of the magnet 53 of therear track relay of the railway block B", such rear track relay beingnormally energized by current transmitted through the rails P and T2 ofthe block B and from a thermopile 17 comprised in the apparatus locatedat the advance end of the block 15- and corresponding to the thermopile17 already mentioned. The thermopile .17, like the thermopile 17",transmits current through a local circuit including I the wire 33,storage battery 31 and wire 32, and thus charges such storage battery,while at the same time the thermopile 17 transmits current through thewire 33 to the advance end of the right rail 1* of the block B thencethrough the track circuit of such block and l i I l back to the advanceend of the left rail l thereof, and thence through the wire 32 back tothe opposite terminal of the thermopile.

When a train is present in any block of the system, for instance in theblock B as illustrated, the magnet oi the rear track relay at the rearend of such block is, by short-circuiting effect of the wheels and axlessuch as T of the train, deprived of energizing current so that itscontact finger is retracted, by gravity or other suitable .retractiveforce, out of contacting position with its co-operating contact stop,thereby opening the local circuit of the valve-controlling magnet of thesignaling apparatus located at the rear end of the block in which thetrain is present. As soon as the valvecontrolling magnet is thusde-encrgized,tlro controlling valves controlled by the magnet are, bygravity or any suitable retractive force, withdrawn from their normalpositions so that the inlet valve 40 is closed and the outlet valve 38is opened. If desired, the pressure of the motive fluid alone may berelied upon for this retractive movement, since the pressure of motivefluid in the intermediate chamber 36 will always tend to open the outletvalve 38 while the pressure of fluid in the pressure chamber 35 willalways tend to close the inlet valve 40 as soon as the outlet valve 38is opened. When the outlet valve 38 is opened and the inlet valve 40 isclosed, the motive fluid, which up to this moment has been present inthe motive cylinder 6 and has been holding its signal semaphore 2 inclear position as illustrated by the signaling apparatus at the advanceend of the block B now escapes from the motive cylinder so as to reducethe pressure therein to.

normal or atmospheric pressure and permit the signal semaphore 2 to bemoved, by its counterweight or by any suitable means, to its dangerposition, while also sliding the motive cylinder down upon its piston toits danger position as illustrated by the apparatus at the rear end ofthe block B Meantime the closure of the inlet valve 40 prevents theescape of motive fiuid from the expansion reservoir 43.

As soon as the train makes its exit from the block in which it ispresent, for instance the block 13', the rear track relay at the rearend thereof is re-energized and replaces its contact finger such as 28in position of contact with its (o-operating contact stop 27, thusreclosing the local circuit of the valve-controlling magnet 30 andcausing the controlling valves to be restored to their normal positions,which close the discharge outlet of the motive cylinder 6 and opencommunication between such motivc cylinder and the expansion reservoir43. 'lhereupon motive fluid flows from the expansion reservoir 43through the pipe 42, inlet valve 40, connecting pipe 14, heating coil 13and piston stem 9 into the motive cylinder. The passage of the motivefluid through the heating coil increases its'temperature and its dynamicexpansion, while the same result is effected by passage of the motivefluid through the heated piston stem 52 and into the heated motivecylinder 6, and not only are the temperature and dynamic expansion ofthe motive fluid increased, but its terriperature and volume aremaintained by the heated condition of the motive cylinder and motiveapparatus generally, after the motive cylinder has been moved bysuchjdynamic expansion through its semaphoreactuating stroke ormovement.

A large saving in motive fluid results from the foregoing method ofincreasing its temperature and dynamic expansion.

Should either of the thermopiles be accidentally burned out or otherwisebroken or damaged, its storage battery would continue to supply currentto the circuit normally supplied by such th ermopile, until thethermopile could be repaired or replaced.

It is obvious that my invention may be embodied in various structuresand systems within the principle and scope thereof.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:-

1. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans subject to actuation by converted thermal energy, a source ofthermal energy, an energytransrnuter co-operative with the source ofthermal energy to convert its energy into another form and co-operativewith the trallic-controlling means to efliect actuation of the same, andanother energy-transmuter co-organized with the source of thermal energyand with the first energytransmuter to convert into another form thewaste thermal energy not converted by the first energy-transmuter, thesecond energy-transmuter being also co-operative with thetrafiic-controlling means to supply actuative energy thereto.

2. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, a source of thermal energy, and two energy-transmutersco-operative with the source of thermal energy to transmute its thermalenergy, a. given one or the energy-transmuters being co-operative withthe traffie-controlling means to supply actuative energy thereto and theother transrnnter being arranged to supply con trolling-energy forcontrolling the actuation of the traftic-controlling means.

3. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traftic-controllingmeans, a source of thermal energy, thermomechanical energy-transmutingmeans and thermo-electric energy-transmuting means both operative by thesource of thermal energy and both in actuative relation to thetraffic-controlling means.

l Railway trarlic-controlling apparatus comprising trafficcontrollingmeans, a source of thermal energy, thermonrechanicnl ener 'y-transmutingmeans arranged to convert thermal energy from such source intomechanical energy for actuating the traflic-controlling means, andthermoelectric energy-transmuting means arranged to convert thermalenergy from the source of thermal energy into electrical energy andarranged to supply electrical energy for controlling the actuation ofthe tratfic-controlling means.

5. Railway tratfic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, a source of thermal energy, thermoelectric energy-transmutingmeans arranged to convert thermal energy from such source intoelectrical energy and arranged to deliver such electrical energy toelfect 'actuat'ron of the traffic-controlling means, andthermorncchanical energy-trausmuting means arranged to convert thesurplus thermal energy from the source of thermal energy not convertedby the thermo-electric transmuting means and also arranged in actuativerelation to the traftic-controlling means.

(3. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflie-controllingmeans, a source of heat, a thermopile operatable by the source of heatand in actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means, and anotherenergy-transmuting means also operatable by the same source of heat andarranged to supply transmuted actuative energy to thetrallic-controlling means.

7. Railway traliic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans, a source of heat, energy-transmuting means operatable by thesource of heat and arranged to supply transmuted actuative energy to thetrafiic-controlling means, and a thermopile also operatable by the samesource of heat and arranged to supply electrical energy for controllingthe actuation of the trafiic-controlling means by the first mentionedenergytransmuting means.

8. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traftic-controllingmeans, a source of heat, a thermopile operated by the source of heat,and in actuative relation to the traiiic-controlling means, andthermo-mechanical energy-transmuting means arranged to transmute wasteheat not converted by the lhermopile and to supply actuative mechanicalenergy to the trafiic-controlling means.

9. Railway traiIic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, a source of heat, a thermopile operatable by the source of heat,another energy-transmuting means receiving surplus heat not utilizedby'the thermopile and arranged to deliver transmuted actuative energy tothe tratfic-controlling means, the actuation of such traflic-controllingmeans being controllable by electrical energy from the thermopile.

10. Railway trafiic controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thetraflic-controlling means, a source of heat arranged to heat the motivefluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus, a thermopile operatable bythe same source of heat, and a controlling circuit arranged to receiveenergy from the thermopile and in control of the actuation of thetraffic-controlling means.

11. Railway tral'lic-controlliug apparatus comprisingtraffic-controlling means, lluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuativerelation to the traflic-controlling means, a source of heat arranged toheat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus,thermo-electric energytransmuting means operatable by the same source ofheat, and a controlling circuit arranged to receive energy from thethermo-electric energy-transmuter and in control of the actuation of thetratiic-controlling means.

12. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising railwaytrafiic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuativerelation to the traflic-controlling means, therlno-electricenergy-transmuting means including a source of heat and co-operativewith the fluidpressure motive apparatus to heat the motive fluid thereofby the non-utilized heat passing off from the thermoelectric trausmutingmeans, and a controlling electric circuit in control of the actuation ofthe traflic-controlling means and communicating with the thermo-electrictransmuting means as a source of electrical energy.

13. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traiiic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thetraflic-controlling means and including a source of motive iluid and amotive chamber and a-conduit affording communication between the two, asource of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid in the conduit, 3thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controllingelectric circuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thfi'mopileand disposed in controlling relation to the traflic-controlling means.

14. Railway tratlic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmoans. fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuativc relation to thetraflic-controlling means and including a source of motive fluid and amotive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, asource of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber, a thermopileoperatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling electriccircuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thermopile anddisposed in controlling relation to the traflic-controlling means.

15. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thetrafiic-controlling means and including a source of motive fluid and amotive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, asource of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber and the motive fluidin the conduit, a thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, anda controlling electric circuit arranged to receive energy generated bythe thermopile and disposed in controlling relation to thetraffic-controlling means.

16. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuativc relation to thetraffic-controlling means and including a motive chamber,thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, a controlling electric circuitcommunicating with the thermo-electric energy-transmuter as a source ofelectricity and in control of the actuation of the trafliccontrollingmeans, and one source of heat to operate the thermo-electricenergy-transmuting means and to heat the motive chamber. i

17. Railway traflic-controiling apparatus comprising traibc-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motiveapparatus in actuative relation'to thetraflic-controlling means and including a motive chamber,thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, a controlling electric circuitcommunicating with the thermo-electric energy-transmuter as a source ofelectricity and in control of the actuation of the traffic-controllingmeans, and one source of heat to operate the thermoelectricenergy-transmuting means and to heat the motive chamber, and a casinginclosing the motive chamber. 18. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatuscomprising traflic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus inactuative relation to the traffic-controlling means and including amotive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motive fluid conduitleading from such source'to such motive chamber, thermo-electricenergy-trausmuting means, an electric circuit communicating with suchthermo-electric energy-transmuting means as a source of electricalenergy and arranged in control of the actuation of thetraffic-controlling means, and one source of heat arranged to supplythermal energy to the energy-transmuting means and to heat a portion ofthe motive fluid conduit, and a-casing inclosing the heated portion ofthe motive fluid conduit.

19. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto andincluding a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motivefluid conduit communicating between such source and chamber, acontrolling electric circuit in control of the actuation of thetraflic-controlling means, thermo-electric energy-transmuting meansarranged to supply energy for the controlling circuit, a common sourceof heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric transmuterand for heating a portion of the motive fluid conduit and for heatingthe motive chamber, and casing walls inclosing the motive chamber andthe heated portion of the motive fluid condult.

20. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traiiic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto andincluding a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motivefluid conduit communicating between such source and chamber, a

controlling electric circuit in control of the actuation of thetraflic-controlling means, thermo-electric energy-trans muting meansarranged to supply energy for the controlling circuit, a common sourceof heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric transmuterand for heating a portion of the motive fluid conduit and for heatingthe motive chamber, and easing walls inclosing the thermo-electricenergy-transmuter and the motive chamber and the heated portion of themotive fluid conduit.

21. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans disposed at a plurality of trafliccontrolling points along therailway line, thermal energytransmuting means in actuative relation tothe trafliccontrolling means at a given one of the trafiic-controllingpoints, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means at such given pointarranged to supply actuative electrical energy to thetraflic-controlling means at another point, and a common source of heatfor supplying thermal energy to the first mentioned actuativeenergy-transmuting means and to the thermo-electric energy-trausmuter.

22. Railway trafiic-'controlling apparatus comprising trafliccontrollingmeans disposed at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points along arailway line, thermal energytransmuting means in actuative relation tothe trafliccontrolling means at a given one of the traflic-controllingpoints, a thermopile at such given point arranged to supply actuativeelectrical energy to the traffic-controlling means at another point, anda common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the firstmentioned actuative energy-transmuting means and to the thermopile.

23. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising frame-controllingmeans located at a plurality of trafliccontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting apparatus in actuativerelation to the traffic-controlling means at a given one of thetrailic-con trolling points, another thermal energy-transmuting means li i ill actuatlve relation to the trafIic-controlling means at anotherone of the traflic-controlling points, and a common source of heat forsupplying thermal energy to both energytransmutiug means.

24. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controllingmeans located at a plurality of tralliccontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, thermal energ' transmuting means in actuativerelation to the trafiic-controlling means at a given one of thetraflic-controlling points, another'thermal energy-transmuting meansarranged to supply actuative energy to the traffic-controlling means atanother one of the traflic-controlling points, and a source of heatarranged to supply thermal energy to a given one of theenergy-transmuting means, the other energy-trausmuting means beingarranged to receive the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the givenenergytransmuting means.

25. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising trailic-controllingmeans located ata plurality of trafliccontrolling points in proximity toa railway line, thermal energy-transmuting motive means in actuativerelation to the trafiic-controlling means at a given one of thetraificling means at another one of the trafiic-controlling points,controlling-points, a second thermal energ -transmuting means inactuative relation to the traific-controlling means at another one ofthe traific-controlling points, and a source of heat for supplyingthermal energy to the second energy-transmuting means, the firstmentioned energy-' transmuting means being arranged to receive andtransniute surplus thermal energy not utilized by the secondenergy-transmuter.

26. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traific-controllingmeans located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting means arranged to supplyactuative energy to the trafiic-controlling means located at a given oneof the traifie-controlling points, thermoelectric energytransmutingmeans arranged to supply actuative electrical energy to thetrafiic-controlling means located at another one of thetraffic-controlling points, and a source of heat for supplying thermalenergy to the thermo-electric energytransmuting means, the firstmentioned thermal energytransmuting means being arranged to receive andtransmute surplus thermal energy not utilized by the thermoelectricenergy-transmuter.

27. Railway tratlic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans located at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, thermal cnergy-transmuting means arranged to supplyactuative energy to the traffic-controlling means located at a given oneof the traffic-controlling points, a thcrmopile arranged to supplyactuative electrical energ to the trallie-controlling means located atanother one of the traffic controllingpoints, and a source of heat forsupplying thermal energy to the thermopile, the first mentioned thermalenergytransmuting means being arranged to receive and transmute thermalenergy not utilized by the thermopile.

28. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising tratlic-coutrollingmeans located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points disposed inproximity to a railway line,

actuative electric circuits in control of the tralfic-controL ling meansat the various trafiic-controlling points, and at a giventrailic-controlling point two thermo-electric transmutcrs, one arrangedto supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control ofthe traflic-controlling means at the given point and the other arrangedto supply clectricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control ofthe traflic-controlling means at another one of the traific-controllingpoints, and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to boththe thermo.-electric energy-transmuters.

29. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controilingmeans located at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points disposed inproximity to a railway line, actuative electric circuits incontrol ofthe traffic-controlling means at the various traflic-coutrolling points,and at a given traffic-controlling point two ther mopiles, one arrangedto supply electricity to one of the circuits in actuative control of thetraffic-controlling means at the given point and the other arranged tosupply electricity to an actuative circuit in actuative control of thetrafficcontrollingineans at another one of the traffic-controllingpoints, and a common source of heat for supplying thcr-.

mal energy to both the thermopiles.

30. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traific-controllingmeans located at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points disposed inproximity to a railway line,'

actuative electric circuits in control of the tralfic-controlling meansat the various trafiic-controlling points, and at a giventraffic-controlling point two thermo-electric transmuters one arrangedto supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control ofthe traffic-controlling means at the given point and the other arrangedto supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative con trol ofthe traflic-controlling means at another one of the traflic-controllingpoints, a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to both thethermo-electric e11- ergy-transmuters, and a casing inclosing both thethermoelectric energy-transmuters.

31. Railway traflic-eontrolling apparatus comprising trafiic-controllingmeans located at a'plurality of trafiicgiven traffic-controlling point asource of heat common to.

both the thermoelectric energy-transmnters and to the third thermalenergy-transmuterr 32. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprisingtraflic-controlling means located-at a plurality of trafliccontrollingpoints in proximity to a railway line, control ling electric circuits incontrolling relation to the trafliccontrolling means, at a givenone ofthe traffic-controlling points a thermo-electric energy-transmutingmeans arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electriccircuits and also at such given traflic-controlling point a secondthermal energy-transmuter adapted to.convert thermal energy into motiveenergy and to deliver such motive energy to the traflic-controllingmeans at such given point, and also at such given point a common sourceof heat arranged to deliver thermal energy both to the thermo-electricenergy-transmuting means and to the second thermal energy-transmuter.

33. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprisingtral'fic-controlling means located ata plurality of trafliccontrollingpoints in proximity to a railway line, controlling electric circuits incontrolling relation to the trafi'iccontrolling means, at a given one ofthe traflic-controlling points a thermopile arranged to deliver energyto one of the controlling electric circuits and also 'at such giventraflic-controlling point a second thermal energyiransmutcr adapted toconvert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motiveenergy to the traffic-coutrolling means at such given point, and also atsuch given point a common source of heat arranged to deliver thermalenergy both to the thermopile and to the second thermalenergy-transmuter.

34. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising tratfic-controllingmeans located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relationto the traiiiccontrolling means, at a given one of thetraflic-controiling points a thcrmo-electric encrgy-transmuting meansarranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuitsand also at such given traflie-eontrolling point a second thermalenergy-transmuter adapted to convert thermal energy into motive energyand to deliver such motive energy to the traific-controlling means atsuch given point, and also at such given point a source of heat arrangedto deliver thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy transmutingmeans, the second thermal energytransmuter being arranged to receive andtransmute the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the thermoelectricenergy-transmuting means.

35. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relationto the trailiccontrolling means, at a given one of the trailic-controlling points a thermopile arranged to deliver energy to one ofthe controlling electric circuits and also at such giventraflic-controlling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted toconvert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motiveencrg to the tratlic-controlling means at such given point, and also atsuch given point a source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy tothe thermopile, the second thermal energy-transmitter being arranged toreceive and transmute the surplus thermal energy not utilized by thethermopile.

36. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative relation to thetraific-controlling means and including an electrically controllablecontrolling valve, a controlling electric circuit in controllingrelation to the controlling valve, a thermo-elcctric energy-transmitterarranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit, and asource of thermal energy for the thermo-electric energy-transmuter.

37. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative relation to thetratiic-controlling means and including an electrically controllablecontrolling valve, a controlling electric circuit in controllingrelation to the controlling valve, a thermopile arranged to deliverelectrical energy to the controlling circuit, and a source of thermalenergy for the thermopile.

38. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto andincluding an electrically controllable controlling valve in controllingrelation to the motive apparatus, a controlling electric circuit in control of the controlling valve, a thermo-electric energy transmutingmeans arranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit,and a common source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to thethermo-electric energy-transmuter and to heat the motive fluid of thefluid-pressure motive apparatus.

39. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive. apparatus including a source of motivefluid. and fluid-pressure energy-transmuting means constituting a motorproper in actnative relation to the traflic-controlling means and amotive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to themotor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valveinterposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control ofthe electrically controllable controlling valve. thermo-electrir.energy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to thecontrolling circuit. and a common source of heat arranged to supplythermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmuter and to heat themotive fluid in the motive fluid conduit.

40. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising tra fic-controllingmeans, fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motivefluid and fluid-pressure energytransmuting means constituting a motorproper in actuative relation to the tratfic-controlling means and amotive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to themotor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valveinterposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control ofthe electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo-electricenergy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to thecontrolling circuit, and a common source of heat arranged to supplythermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmitter and to heat themotive fluid conduit at a point between its controlling valve and themotor proper.

41. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-eontrollingmeans. fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motivefluid and fluid-pressure energy-transmitting means constituting a motorproper in actuative relation to the tratlic-eontrolling means and a.motive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to themotor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valveinterposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control ofthe electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo-electricenergy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to thecontrolling circuit, and a source of heat arranged to supply thermalenergy to the thermo-electtic energy-transmuting means,

the motive fluid conduit being arranged to be heated by surplus heat notconverted by the thermo-electric energytransmuter.

42. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans. fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motivefluid and fluid-pressure energy-transmitting means constituting a motorproper in actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means and amotive' fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to themotor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valveinterposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control ofthe electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo electricenergy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to thecontrolling circuit, and a source of heat arranged to supply thermalenergy to the thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, the motive fluidconduit having a portion between its controlling valve and the motorproper arranged to be heated by surplus heat not utilized by thethermo-electric energytransmuting means.

43. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans located at a plurality of tratnccontrolling points disposed inproximity to a railway line, one or more trafiic-controlling circuits incontrol of the traflic-eontrolling means, a conserver of electricalenergy arranged to deliver electricity to one of the traffic-comtrolling circuits, at a given one of the-traflic-eontrolling points athermo-electric energy -transmuter arranged to transmute thermal energyinto electrical energy and to charge such conserver of electricity, alsoat such given trafiic-controlling point a second thermalenergy-transmut' ing means arranged to deliver actuative energy to thetraffic-controlling means at such given point, and also at such givenpoint a common source of thermal energy for both the thermoelectricenergy-transmuter and for the second thermal energy-transmuter.

4-1. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising trafliccontrollingmeans located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points disposed inproximity to a railway line, one or more traftic-controlling circuits incontrol of the tratfic-eontrolling means, a storage battery ofelectrical energy arranged to deliver electricity to one of thetrafficcontrolling circuits, at a given one of the traflic-controllingpoints a thermopile arranged to transmute thermal energy into electricalenergy and to charge such storage battery of electricity, also at suchgiven traffic-controlling point a second thermal energy-transmittingmeans arranged to deliver actuative energy to the trafiic-controllingmeans at such given point, and also at such given point a common sourceof thermal energy for both the thermopile and for the second thermalenergy transmuter.

45. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans, actuative means therefor comprising thermal energy-transmutingmeans to convert thermal energy into motive energy for thetraflic-controlling means, a traflic-controlling electric circuit incontrol of the actuation of the traific-controlling means, a source ofelectrical energy for the controlling circuit, a thermoelectricenergy-transmuter arranged to charge the source of electricity, and acommon source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy both to thethermo-electric energytransmuter and to the first mentioned thermalenergytransmuting means.

46. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controllingmeans, located at a fixed traflic-controlling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of traflic along the track fluid-pressure motivemeans in actuative co-operation therewith, a motive fluid conduitleading to the motive means, a source of motive fluid for the conduit,and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid conduit.

47. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, located at a fixed traffic-controlling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of traflic along the track fluid-pressure motivemeansin actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means, a motivefluid conduit leading to the motive means, a source of AIIUIIVU nmdfouthe conduit, a controlling valve interposed in the conduit, and asource of heat arranged to heat the conduit; and the motive fluidtherein at a point between its controlling valve and the iluid-prcssuremotive means.

18. Railway trailiccontrolling app ttus comprising tratlic-controllingmeans, located at a iixed trafliccoutrolling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of trallic along the track fluid-pressure motivemeans in actuative co-operation with the traffic-controlling means, asource of motive fluid, a conduit leading from such source to the motivemeans, a source of heat arranged to heat a portion of the motive fluidconduit, and a casing surrounding the heated portion thereof.

-19. Railway trafii ccontrolling apparatus comprisingtraific-controlling means, located at a fixed traflic-controb ling point011 a railway track and arranged in control of trailic along the track asource of heat. fluid-pressure mo tive means in actuative co-operationwith the traflic'coutrolling means, a source of motive fluid, a motivefluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and includingone or more convolutions arranged to be heated by the source of heat.

50. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-conlrollingmeans, located at a tixed traflic-controlling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of traflic along the track a source of heat.fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operation with thetraflic-controlling means, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluidconduit leading from such source to the motive means and including aheating coil arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a casinginclosing the heating coil.

51. Railway t'aflic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controllingmeans. a source of heat. fluid-pressure motive means in actuativeco-operation with the traiticcontrolling means, a source of motivefluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motivemeans and including one or more convolutions arranged to be heated bythe source of heat, and a controlling valve interposed in the motivefluid conduit between its source of motive fluid and its heatingconvolutions.

52. Railway trai'fic-controlling apparatus comprisingtraflic-controlling means. located at a fixed traflic-controlling pointon a railway track and arranged in control of tratfic along the track asource of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuativeco-operaiion with the trailiccontrolling means and arranged to be heatedby the source of heat. and a source of motive fluid conununicatiug withthe motive chamber.

53. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traific-controllingmeans, located at a fixed traflic-controlling point on a railway trackand :"rranged in control of traffic along the track a source of heat. afluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative cooperation with thetratliccontrolling means and arranged to be heated by the source ofheat. a casing inclosing the motive chamber, and a source of motivefluid communicating with the motivechamber.

5-1. Railway traiiic-controlling apparatus comprisingtraflic-controlling means. a source of heat, a fluid-pr 'sure motivechamber in actuative relation to the trafliccou trolling means anddisposed above the source of heat and having its lower side open so thatboth its outer and its inner walls may be heated by the source of heat.

Railway trailic-controlling apparatus comprising trailic-coutrollingmeans. located at a fixed traiiic-controlling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of traffic along the track a source of heat, afluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation'with thetratliccontrolling means and arranged to be heated by the source ofheat. a source of motive fluid communicating with the motive chamber andmeans for controlling such communication between the source of motivefluid and the motive chamber.

56. Railway trailic-controlling apparatus comprising traific-coulrollingmeans, located at a fixed trafliecou trolling point on a railway trackand arranged in conirol of l'l'jfiltf along the t ack a slillfle ofheat. a fluidprcssure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with thetrafiic-coutrolling means and arranged to be heated by the source ofheat, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive chamber and alsoarranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a source of motivefluid communieating with the motive fluid conduit.

57. Railway traflie-controlling apparatus comprising Hallie-controllingmeans, located at a fixed traffic-controlling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of trafliic along the track a source of heat, afluidpressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with thetrailic-controlling means and arranged to be heated by the source ofheat, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive chamber and alsoarranged to be heated by the source of heat, a source of motive fluidcommunieating with the motive fluid conduit, and inclosing wallssurrounding the motive chamber and the heated portion of the motivefluid conduit.

Railway tl'afIic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans, located at a fixed traific-controlling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of traffic along the track a source of heat, afluidpressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with thetratlic-con'ti'olling means and arranged to be heated by the source ofheat, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from suchsource to the motive chamber and including a portion arranged to beheated by the source of heat, and a controlling valve interposed in themotive fluid conduit.

59. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controllingmeans, located at a' fixed traflic-con trolling point on a railway trackand arranged in con trol of traflic along the track a source of heat, afluidpressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with thetraffic-controlling means and arranged to be heated by the source ofheat, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from suchsource to the motive chamber and including a portion arranged to beheated by the source of heat, and a controlling valve interposed in themotive fluid conduit between its heated portion and its source of motivefluid.

60. Railway traific-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans located at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, one or more controlling electric circuits in controlof the trafliccontrolling means, at a given one of thetraffic-controlling points, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuativerelation to the traific-controlling means at such given point, a sourceof motive fluid communicating with the fluidpressure motive meansthrough suitable pressure-reducing means, at the giventraflic-controlling point thermo-electric energy-transmitting meansarranged to supply energy to one of the traflic-controlling circuits,and also at such given traffic-controlling point a common source ofheatarranged both to heat the fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supplythermal energy to the thermo-electric cuergy-transmuter.

61. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising trailic-controllingmeans located at a plurality of trafliccontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, one or more controlling electric circuits in controlof the trafliccontrolling means, at a given one of thetraflic-controlling points fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuativerelation to the tratfiecontrolling means at such point, a motive fluidreservoir communicating with the fluidpressure motive apparatus, asource of motive fluid communicating with the reservoir through suitablepressurereducing means, at the given traffic-controlling point athermo-elcctric energy-transmuting means arranged to sup ply energy toone of the traflic-controlling circuits, and also at the giventral'lic-controlling point a common source of heat arranged both to heatthe fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supply thermal energy to thethermoelectric energy-transmitter.

(32. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprisingtraflic-controlling means, located at a fixed trafiic-controlling pointon a railway track and arranged in control of tratlic along the track afluid-pressure motive chamber. a source of motive fluid, a reservoir formotive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid throughsuitable pressure-reducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading fromthe reservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged toheat the motive fluid after it has passed from the reservoir.

63. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising twine-controllingmeans, located at a fixed traffic-controlling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of traflic along the track a fluid-pressuremotive chamber, a source of motive fluid. a reservoir for motive fluidcommunicating with the source of motive fluid through suitablepressure-reducing means, -a motive fluid I conduit leading from thereservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heatthe motive fluid conduit. I

64. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans, located at a ti.\'ed tratlic-controlling point on a railway trackand arranged in control of traflic along the track a fluid-pressuremotive chamber, a source of motive fluid. a reservoir for motive fluidcommunicating with the source of motive fluid through suitablepressurea'educing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from thereservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heatthe motive chamber.

Railway traliiccontrolling apparatus comprising traflic-controllingmeans, a tluidpressure motive chamber, a source of motive fluid. areservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluidthrough suitable pressurereducing means. a motive fluid conduit lead ingfrom the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a Source of heat; arrangedto heat the motive fluid conduit and the motive chamber.

titi. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprisingtraflic-controlling means. located at a lixed traflic-controL ling pointon a railway track and arranged in control of traflic along the track afluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative relation .thereto, a sourceof motive fluid, a motive fluid reservoir communicating with the sourceof motive fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, a motive fluidconduit. leading from the motive fluid reser voir to the flnidprt.suremotive chamber, a controlling valve interposed in the motive liuidconduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid after ithas passed through the controlling valve.

(i7. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprisingtrallic-conlrolling means located at a plurality of traflicconlrcliingpoints in proximi to a railway line, one or more controlling electriccircuits in control of the trafficcontrolling means. at a given oneot'the traflic-controlling points a fluidprtssurc motive apparatus inactuative cooperation with the trzlflic-conl'rolliug means and also atsuch iven point a thermow-le ic energy-transmitting means arranged tosuppl v cnerg 10 one of the controlling circuits. and also at the giventratliccontrolling point a source of heat arrai (I both to heat themotive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supplythermal energy to the thermo-electric energy ransmuter.

t Railway ii'alilc-controlling apparatus comprising trathc-controllingmeans located at a plurality of tratliccontrolling points in proximityto a railway line, tratfie controlling circuits in control of thetratlic-controlliug means. at a given one of the traflic-controllingpoints fluid-pr ssure motive apparatus in actuative co-operation withthe traflic-controlling means at such point, and also at. the giventrafii .ontrolling point a thcrmo-electric energy-liransmuting apparatusincluding a source of thermal energy and arranged to deliver its surplusor nonutilized heat to the fluid-p 'e motive apparatus to warm themotive fluid ti 4 V nd arranged to deliver us energy to one of thetralli controlling circuits.

60. Railway signaling appa i tus comprising signalindicating mcanssubject toactuation by converted thermal energy. a source ot thermal.energy. an energy-transnmter co-operative with the source of thermalenergy to convert its energy into another form and co-operative with thesignal-indicating means to effect actuation of the same. and anotherenergy-transmuter co-organized with the source of thermal enei y andwith the tirst energytransmuler to convert into another form the wastethermal energy not. converted by the tirst energy-transmuter. the secondenergv-l'ransmuter being also (to-operative with the signal-indicatingmeans to supply actuativc energy thereto.

TU. Railway signaling app: ratns comprising signalindicating means. asource of thermal energy, and two energy-transmuters co-operative withhe source of thermal energy to transmute its thermal energy, a given one-mechanical energytransmitting meansarranged to conv:enel-gy-transmuting means both operative by the source "U1 thermalenergy and both in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means.

72. Railway-signaling apparatus comprising signal- ,indicating means, asource of thermal enegy, thermomechanical energy-transmuting meansarranged to convert thermal ene'gy from'such source into mechanicalenergy for actuating the signal-indicating means, and

'thermo-electric energy-transmuting means arranged to :convert thermalenergy from the source of thermal energy into electrical energy andarranged to supply electrical :energy for controlling the actuation ofthe signal-indicatj ing means.

73. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal- Eindicating means, asource of thermal energy, thermoelectric energy-transmuting meansarranged to convert :thermal energy from such source into electricalenergy land arranged to deliver such electrical energy to effect{actuation of the signal-indicating means, and thermomechanicalenergy-transmuting means arranged to convert the surplus thermal energyfrom the source of ther- ,mal energy not converted by thethermo-electric transmuting means and also arranged in actuativerelation to the signal-indicating means.

' 74. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal :indicating means, asource of heat. a thermopile operatable by the source of heat and inactuative relation to the .signal-indicating means, and anotherenergy-transmuting means also operatahle by the same source of heat andarranged to supply transmnted actuative energy to the. signal-indicatingmeans.

75. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indi- -cating means, asource of heat, energy-transmuting means :operatable by the source ofheat and arranged to supply transmuted actuative energy to thesignal-indicating imeans. and a thermopile also operatable by the same:source of heat and arranged to supply electrical energy l forcontrolling the actuation of the signahindicating i means by the 'firstmentioned energy-transmitting means.

l 76. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indil eating means,a source of heat, a thermopile operated by i the source of heat and inactuative relation to the signalindicating means, and thermo-mechanicalenergy-transmuting means arranged to transmute waste heat not convertedby the thermopile and to supply actuative mechanical energy to thesignal-indicating means.

77. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat, a thermopile operntable by the source of heat, anotherencrgy-transmuting means receiving surplus heat not utilized by thethermopile and arranged to deliver transmuted actuative energy to thesignal-indicating means. the actuation of such signal-indi- 'catingmeans being the thermopile.

' 78. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means, a source of heat arranged to heat the motivefluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus. a thermopile operatable bythe same source of heat, and a controlling circuit arranged to receiveenergy from the thermopile and in control of the actuation of thesignal-indicating means. I

79. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indr caring means,fluid-pressure motiye apparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means, asource of heat arranged to heat the motivefluid ot the fluid-pressure motive apparatus, thermo -electricenergy-transmuting means operatable by the same source of heat, and acontrolling circuit arranged to receive energy from the thermo-electricenergy-transmitter and in control of the actuation of thesignal-indicating means.

S0. Railway signaling apparatus comprising railway controllable byelectrical energy from signal-indicatlng means, llulu- A\....U, itus inactuative relation to the signal-indicating means, thermo-electricenergy-transmutlng means including a source of heat and co-operativewith the fluid-pressure motive apparatus to heat the motive fluidthereof by the non-utilized heat passing off from the thermo-electrictransmuting means, and a controlling electric circuit in control of theactuation of the signal-indicating means and communicating with thethermo-electric transmuting means as a source of electrical energy.

81. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means and including a source of motive fluid and amotive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, asource of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid in the conduit. :1thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controllingelectric circuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thermopileand disposed in controlling relation to the signal-indicating means.

82. Railway Signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means and including a source of motive fluid and amotive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, asource of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber, a thermopilcoperatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling electriccircuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thermopile anddisposed in controlling relation to the signal-indicating means.

83. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means and including a source of motive fluid and amotive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, asource of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber and the motive fluidin the conduit, :1 thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, anda controlling electric circuit arranged to receive energy generated bythe thermopile and disposed in controlling relation to thesignal-indicating means.

84. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means and including a motive chamber, thermo-electricenergy-transmuting means, a controlling electric circuit communicatingwith the thermo-electric energy-transmuter as a source of electricityand in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means, and onesource of heat to operate the thermoelectric energy-transmuting meansand to heat the motive chamber.

85. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means and including a 'motive chamber, thermo-electricenergytransmuting means, a controlling electric circuit communicatingwith the thermo-electric energy-transmuter as a source of electricityand in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means, and onesource of heat to operate the thermoelectric energy-transmuting meansand to heat the motive chamber, and a casing inclosing the motivechamber.

86. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motiveapparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means and including a motive chamber and a source ofmotive fluid and a mo tive fluid conduit leading from such source tosuch motive chamber, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, anelectric circuit communicating with such thermo-electricenergy-transmuting means as a source of electrical energy and arrangedin control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means, and onesource of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to theenergy-transmitting means and to heat a portion of the motive fluidconduit, and a casing inclosing the heated portion of the motive fluidconduit.

87. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indi- -cating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto andincluding a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motivefluid conduit communicating between such source and chamber, acontrolling electric circuit inconti'ol of the actuation of the signalindicating means, thermo electric energy transmuting means arranged tosupply energy for the controlling circuit, a common source of heat forsupplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric transmuter and forheating a portion of the motive fluid conduit and for heating the motivechamber, and casing walls inclosing the motive chamber and the heatedportion of the motive fluid conduit.

88. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto andincluding a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motivefluid conduit communicating between such source and chamber, acontrolling electric circuit in control of the actuation of thesignalindicating means, thermo electric energy transmuting meansarranged to supply energy for the controlling circuit, a common sourceof heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric transmuterand for heating a portion of the motive fluid conduit and for heatingthe motive chamber, and easing walls inclosing the thermoelectricenergy-transmuter and the motive chamber and the heated portion of themotive fluid conduit.

89. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meansdisposed at a plurality of signal-indicating points along the railwayline, thermal energytransmuting means in actuatlve relation to thesignal-indicating means at a given one of the signal-indicating points,thermoelectric energy-transmutlng means at such given point arranged tosupply actuative electrical energy to the signalindicating means atanother polnt,'and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energyto the first mentioned actuative energy-transmuting means and to thethermoelectric energytransmuter.

90. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal indicating meansdisposed at a plurality of signal-indicating points along a railwayline, thermal energy-transmuting means in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means at 'a given one of the signal-indicating points,a thermopile at such given point arranged to supply actuative electricalenergy to the signal-indicating means at another point, and a commonsource of heat for supplying thermal energy to the first mentionedactuative energy-transmuting means and to the thermopile.

91. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signal-indicating points in proximity to arailway line, thermal energytransmuting apparatus in actuative relationto the signal indicating means at a given one of the signal-indicatingpoints. another thermal energy-transmuting means in actuativc relationto the signal-indicating means at another one of the signal-indicatingpoints, and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to bothenergy-transmuting means.

92. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, thermal energy-transmuting means in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means at a given one of the signaling points, anotherthermal energy-transmuting means arranged to supply actuative energy tothe signal-indicating means at another one of the signaling points, anda source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to a given one of theenergy-transmuting means. the other cnergy-transmutig means beingarranged to receive the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the givenenergy-transmuting means.

93. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, thermal energy-transmuting mo tive means in actuative relation tothe signal-indicating means at a given one of the signaling points, asecond thermal energy-transmuting means in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means at another one of the sig naiing points, and asource of heat for supplying thermal energy to the secondenergy-transmuting means, the first mentioned .energy-transmuting meansbeing arranged to receive and transmute surplus thermal energy notutilized by the second energy-transmuter.

94. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, thermal energy-transmuting means arranged-to supply actuativeenergy to the signallndieating means located at a given one of thesignaling points, thermoelectric ene 'gy transmuting means arranged tosupply actuative electrical energy to the signalindicating means locatedat another one of the signaling points, and a source of heat forsupplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmutingmeans. the first mentioned thermal energy-transmuting means beingarranged to receive and transmute surplus thermal energy not utilized bythe thermoelectric energy-transmuter.

95. Railway signaling :ipparatus comprising signal-indieating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, thermal energy-transmuting means arranged to supply actuativeenergy to the signalindicating means located at a given one of thesignaling points. a thermopile arranged to supply actuative electricalenergy to the signal-indicating means located at another one of thesignaling points. and a source of heat for supplying thermal energy tothe thermopilc, the first mentioned thermal energy-transmuting meansbeing arranged to re ceive and transmute thermal energy not utilized bythe thermopile.

9('. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indr eating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to arailway line, actuative electric circuits in control of thesignal-indicating means at the various signaling points. and at a givensignaling point two thermo-electric transnmters. one arranged to supplyelectricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of thesignal-indicating means at the given point and the other' arranged tosupply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of thesignal-indicating means at a another one of the signaling points. and acommon source of heat for supplying thermal energy to both thethermoelectric energy-transmuters.

97. Railway'signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to arail\v.-\ v line. actuative electric circuits in control of thesignal-indicating means at the various signaling points. and at a givensignaling point two thermopiles. one arranged to supply electricity toone of the circuits in actuative control of the signal-indicating meansat the given point and the other arranged to supply electricity to anactuative circuitin actuative control of the signal-imlicating means atanother one of the signaling points, and a common sourecot heat forsupply ing thermal energy to both the thermopiles.

98. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to arailwa line. actuative electric circuits in control of thesignal-indicating means at the various signaling points. and at a givensignaling point two thermoelectric transmutcrs. one arr.-inged to supplyelectricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of thesignal-indicating means at the given point and the other arranged tosupply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of thesignal-indicating means at.

another one of the signaling points, a common source of heat forsupplying thermal energy to 'both the thermoelectric energy-transmuters,and a casing inclosing both the thermo-electric energy-transmutcrs.

99. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indieating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, at a given one of the signaling points a thermo-electricenergy-transmuter arranged to deliver controlling electricity to thesignal-indicating means at another signaling point and also at the givensignaling point another thermo-elcctric energy-transmuter arranged todeliver controlling actuative electricity to the signal-indicating meansat the given signaling point, and also at such given point a thirdthermal energy-transmutcr arranged to convert thermal energy into motiveen ergy and to deliver such motive energy to the signalindicatiug meansat the given point. and at such given signaling point a source of heatcommon to both the thermoelectric energy-transmitters and to the thirdthermal energy-transmuter.

100. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in- .dicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to thesignal-indicating means, at a given one of the signaling points athermo-electric energy-transmitting means arranged to deliver energy toone of the controlling electric circuits and also at such givensignaling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to convertthermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motive energy tothe signal-indicating means at such given point, and also at such givenpoint a common source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy both tothe thermo-electric energy-transmuting means and to the second thermalenergy-transmitter.

101. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to thesignal-indicating means,

at a given one of the signaling points a thermopile arranged to deliverenergy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also at suchgiven signaling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted toconvert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motiveenergy to the signal-indicating means at such given point, and also atsuch given point a common source of heat arranged to deliver thermalenergy both to the thermopile and to the second thermal energ-transmuter.

102. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to theslgnalindicating means, at a given one of the signaling points athermo-electric energytransmuting means arranged to deliver energy toone of the controlling electric circuits and also at such givensignaling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to convertthermal energy into motive-energy and to deliver such motive energy to.the signal-indicating means at such given point, and also at such givenpoint a source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy to thethermoelectric energy-transmitting means, the second thermalenergy-transmuter being arranged to receive and transmute the surplusthermal energy not utilized by the thermoelectric energy-transmutingmeans.

103. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to thesignal-indicating means. at a given one of the 'signaling points athermopile arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electriccircuits and also at such given signaling point a second thermalenergy-transmuter adapted to convert thermal energy into motive energyand to deliver such motive energy to the signal-indicating means at suchgiven point, and also at such given point a source of heat arranged todeliver thermal energy to the thermopile, the second thermalenergy-transmuter being arranged to receive and transmute the surplusthermal energy not utilized by the thermopile.

104. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive means in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means and including an electrically controllablecontrolling valve, a controlling electric circuit in controllingrelation to the controlling valve, a thermoelectric energy-transmuterarranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit, and asource of thermal energy for the thermo-electric energytransmuter.

105. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in dicating means,fluid-pressure motive means in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means, and including an electrically controllablecontrolling valve, a controlling electric circuit in controllingrelation to the controlling valve, a thermopile arranged to deliverelectrical energy to the controlling circuit, and a source of thermalenergy for the thermopile.

106. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto andincluding an electrically controllable controlling valve in controllingrelation to the motive apparatus, a controlling electric circuit incontrol of the controlling valve, a thermo-electric energy-transmutingmeans arranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit,and a common source of heat arranged to sup- 2 ply thermal energy to thethermo-elect c energy-transmuter and to heat the motive fluid of thefluid-pressure motive apparatus.

107. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signalindicatiug means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid, andfluid-pressure energy-transmuting means constituting a motor proper inactuative re lation to the signal-indicating means and a motive fluidconduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper andan electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in suchconduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electricallycontrollable controlling valve, thermo-electric energy-transmutingmeansarranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a commonsource of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electricenergy-transmuter and to heat the motive fluid in'the motive fluidconduit.

10S. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid andfluid-pressure energy-trans muting means constituting a motor proper inactuative re lation to the signal-indicating means and a motive fluidconduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper andan electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in suchconduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electricallycontrollable controlling valve, thermo-electric "ergy-transmuting meansarranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a commonsource of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thcrmo-electriceuerg -transmuter and to heat the motive fluid conduit at a pointbetween its controlling valve and the motor proper.

109. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in dicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid andfluid-pressure energy-transmuting means constituting a motor proper inactuative relation to the signal-indicating means and a motive fluidconduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor properandan electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in suchconduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electricallycontrollable controlling valve, thcrmo-electric energy-transmuting meansarranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a sourceof heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electricenrgy-trausmuting means, the motive fluid conduit being arranged to beheated by surplus heat not converted by the thermo-electriccnergy-transmuter.

110. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in dicating means,fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid andfluid-pressure energy-transmuting means constituting a motor proper inactuativc relation to the signal-indicating means and a motive fluidconduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper andan electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in suchconduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electricallycontrollable controlling valve, thermo-electric energy-trausmuting meansarranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a sourceof heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermoelectricenergy-transmuting means, the motive fluid conduit having a portionbetween its controlling valve and the motor proper arranged to be heatedby surplus heat not utilized by the thermoelectric energy-transmutingmeans. 4

111. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in dicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to arailway line, one or more signaling circuits in control of thesignal-indicating means, a conserver of electrical energy arranged todeliver electricity to one of the signaling circuits, at a given one ofthe signaling points a thermo-electric energy-transmuter ar ranged totransmute thermal energy into electrical energy and to charge suchconserver of electricity, also at such given signaling point a secondthermal energy-transmuting means arranged to deliver actuative energy tothe signalindicating means at such given point, and also at such givenpoint a common source of thermal energy for-both the thermo-electricenerg -transmuter and for the second thermal energ -transmuter.

112. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signalin dicating meanslocated at a'plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to arailway line, one or more signaling circuits in control of thesignal-indicating means, a storagebattery of electrical energy arrangedto deliver electricity to one of the signaling circuits, at a given oneof the signaling points a thermopile arranged to transmute thermalenergy into electrical energy and to charge such storage battery ofelectricity, also at such given signaling point a second thermalenergy-transmuting means arranged to deliver actuative energy to thesignal-indicating means at such given point, and also at such givenpoint a. common source of thermal energy for both the thermopile and forthe second thermal energy-transmuter.

113. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,actuative means therefor comprising thermal energy-transmuting means toconvert thermal energy into motive energy for the signal-indicatingmeans, a sig naling electric circuit in control of the actuation of thesignal-indicating means, a source of electrical energy for thecontrolling circuit, a thermo-electric energy-transmuter arranged tocharge the source of electricity, and a common source of heat arrangedto supply thermal energy both to the thermo-electric energy-transmuterand to the first mentioned thermal energy-transmuting means.

114. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operation therewith, amotive fluid conduit leading to the motive means, a source of motivefluid for the conduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motivefluid conduit.

115. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid pressure motive means in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means, a source of motive fluid for the conduit, acontrolling valve interposed in the conduit, and a source of heatarranged to heat the conduit and the motive fluid therein at a pointbetween its controlling valve and the fluid-pressure motive means.

116. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means,fluid-pressure motive means in actuatlve co-operation with thesignal-indicating means, a source of motive fluid, a conduit leadingfrom such.source to the motive means, a source of heat arranged to heata portion of the motive fluid conduit, and a casing surrounding theheated portion thereof.

117. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-im dicating means, asource of heat, fluidepressure motive means in actuative co-operationwith the signal-indicating means, a source of motive fluid, a motivefluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and includingone or more convolutions arranged to be heated by the source of heat.

11S. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operationwith the signal-indicating means, a source of motive fluid, a motivefluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and includinga heating coil arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a casinginelosing the heating coil.

119. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat, fluid-pressure motive means, a source of motive fluid, amotive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means andincluding one or more convolutions arranged to be heated by the sourceof heat, and a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduitbetween its source of motive fluid and its heating convolutions.

120. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuativeco-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heatedby the source of heat, and a source of motive fluid communicating withthe motive chamber.

121. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat, a fluid-pressure" motive chamber in actuativeco-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heatedby the source of heat, a casing inclosing the motive chamber, and asource of motive fluid communicating with the motive chamber.

122. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative relatio'nto the signal-indicating means and disposed above the source of heat andhaving its lower side open so that both its outer and its inner wallsmay be heated by the source of heat.

123. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuativeeo-opcration with the signahindicating means and arranged to be heatedby the source of heat, a source of motive fluid communicating with themotive chamber and means for controlling such communication between thesource of motive fluid and the motive chamber.

124. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuativeco-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heatedby the source of heat, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motivechamber and also arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and asource of motive fluid communicating with the motive fluid conduit.

125. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means. asource of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuativcco-operation with the signal-indicat: ing means and arranged to beheated by the source of heat, a motive fluid conduit leading to themotive chamber and also arranged to be heated by the source of heat, asource of motive fluid communicating with the motive fluid conduit, andinclosing walls surrounding the motive chamber and the heated portion ofthe motive fluid conduit.

12G. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, asource of heat. a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuativeco-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heatedby the source of heat. a source of motive fluid. a motive fluid conduitleading from such source to the motive chamber and including a portionarranged to be heated by the source of heat. and a controlling valveinterposed in the motive fluid conduit.

127. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signalindicating means. asource of heat. a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuativeco-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heatedby the source of heat. a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduitleading from such source to the motive chamber and including a portionarranged to be heated by the source of heat, and

a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduit between itsheated portion and its source of motive fluid.

12S. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline. one or more controlling electric circuits in control of thesignal-indicating means, at a given one of the signaling pointsfluid-pressure motive apparatus in uetuative relation to thesignal-indicating means at such given point, a source of motive fluidcommunicating with the fluidpressure motive means through suitablepressureu'educing means. at the given signaling point thcrmo-electricenergy-transim1ting means arranged to supply energy to one of the.signaling circuits, and also at such given signaling point a commonsource of heat arranged both to heat the fluid-pressure motive apparatusand to supply thermal encrgvtransmuter.

129. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline. one or more controlling electric circuits in control of thesignabindicating means, at a given one of the signaling pointsfluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to thesignal-indicating means at such point. a motive fluid reservoircommunicating with the fluid-pressure motive apparatus, a source ofmotive fluid communicating with the reservoir through suitablepressure-reduring means. at the given signaling point a thermo-electricencrgy-transmuting means arranged to supply energy to one of thesignaling circuits, and also at the given signaling point a commonsource of heat arranged both to heat the fluid-pressure motive apparatusand to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energvtransmuter.

130. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, afluid-pressure motive. chamber, a source of motive fluid, a reservoirfor motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid throughsuitable pressurereducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from thereservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heatthe motive fluid after it has passed from the reservoir.

131. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, afluid-pressure motive chamber, a source of motive fluid, a reservoir formotive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid throughsuitable pressurereducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from thereservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heatthe motive fluid conduit.

132. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, afluid-pressure motivechamber, a source oi? motive fluid, a reservoir formotive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid throughsuitable pressurereducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from thereservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heatthe motive chamber.

133. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, afluid-pressure motive chamber, a source of motive fluid, a reservoir formotive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid throughsuitable pressurereducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from thereservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heatthe motive fluid conduit and the motive chamber.

134. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, afluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative relation thereto, a source ofmotive fluid, a motive fluid reservoir communicating with the source ofmotive fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, a motive fluidconduit leading from the motive fluid reservoir to the fluid-pressuremotive chamber, a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluidconduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid after ithas passed through the controlling valve.

135. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, one or more controlling electric circuits in control of thesignal-indicating means, at a given one of the signaling points afluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative co-operation with thesignal-indicating means and also at such given point a thermo electricenergy transmuting means arranged to supply energy to one of thecontrolling circuits, and also at the given signaling point a source ofheat arranged both to heat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motiveapparatus and to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electricenergy-transmuter.

136. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating meanslocated at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railwayline, signaling circuits in con trol of the signal-indicating means, ata given one of the signaliig points fluid-pressure motive apparatus inactuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means at such point,and also at the given signaling point a thermoelectricenergy-transmuting apparatus including a source of thermal energy andarranged to deliver its surplus or non-utilized heat to the fluidpressure motive apparatus to warm the motive fluid thereof and arrangedto deliver its energy to one of the signaling circuits.

137. Railway trailic-controlling apparatus comprisingtratfic-controlling means located at a fixed traflic-controlling pointon a railway track and arranged in control of tralfic along the track,and fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative co-organization withthe traffic-controlling means and including a source of motive fluid, amotive chamber communicating therewith and arranged to convert theexpansive energy of the motive fluid into mechanieal energy foractuating the traific-controlling means, and a source of heat arrangedto heat the motive fluid of the motive apparatus.

138. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprisingtratiic-controlling means located at a fixed traflic-controlling pointon a railway track and arranged in control ot traflic along the track,and fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid,a motive expansion chamber communicating with the source of motive fluidand in actuative relation to the traffic-controlling means, means forcontrolling communication between the source of motive fluid and themotive expansion chamber, and a source of heat arranged tohcat themotive fluid of the motive apparatus.

' fluid of the motive apparatus.

140. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprisingtraffic-controlling means located at a fixed traflic-controlling pointon a railway track and arranged in control of traffic along the track,and fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of pressurefluid, a pressure-fluid reservoir communicating with the source ofpressure fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, a motivechamber communicating with the pressure-fluid reservoir and arranged inactuative relation to the traihc-controiiing means, and a source of heatarrangedto heat the pressure fluid of the motive apparatus.

141. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in- (licating meansand fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative co-organization withthe signai-indicating means and including a source of motive fluid, amotive chamber communicating therewith and arranged to convert theexpansive energy of the motive fluid into mechanical energy [oractuating the signal-indicating means, and a source of heat arranged toheat the motive fluid otthe motive apparatus.

of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid of the motive apparatus.

143. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-1m dicating means andfluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of pressure fluid, apressure-fluid reservoir communicating with the source of pressure fluidthrough suitable pressure-reducing means, a motive chamber communicatingwith the pressure-fluid rgservoir and arranged in actuative relation tothe signal-indicating means, and a source of heat arranged to heat thepressure fluid of the motive apparatus.

144. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means andfluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of'pressure fluid, apressurefluid reservoir communicating with the source of pressure fluidthrough suitable pressure reducing means, a motive chamber communicatingwith the pressuiefluid reservoir and arranged in actuative relation tothe signal-indicating means, and a source .of heat arranged to heat thepressure fluid of the motive apparatus.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CLYDE J. COLEMAN.

Witnesses ALBERT V. '1. DAY, Hnxnr BARNES.

